Giáo án Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Unit 12+13

 UNIT 12: A VACATION ABROAD
 GETTING STARTED, LISTEN AND READ
1. abroad (av) ở nước ngoài
2. Canada (n) Nước Canada
 Canadian (a) thuộc về canada
 (n) người canada
3. Britain (n) nước Anh
 British (a) (n) thuộc về nước Anh, người Anh
4. Thailand (n) Nước Thái Lan
 Thais (a)(n) thuộc về Thái Lan, người Thái
5. Australia (n) Nước Úc
 Australian (a)(n) thuộc về Úc, người Úc
6. Surprise (n) Sự ngạc nhiên, điều bất ngờ
 A nice surprise : Một điều bất ngờ thú vị
 Surprised at (a) ngạc nhiên
 Surprising (a) làm ngạc nhiên
 Surprisingly (av)
7. Ticket (n) vé, thẻ
 Ticket price (n) giá vé
8. Include (v) bao gồm
9. Come over (v) ghé thăm
10. Free (a) rãnh rỗi ≠ busy (a) bận rộn
11. Pick Sb up (ph.v) Đón rước ai bằng xe
 SPEAK
1. Itinerary (n) hành trình, lộ trình
2. Sightseeing (n) sự tham quan, cuộc tham quan
 Go sightseeing : đi tham quan
3. Single (a) đơn
4. Double (a) đôi
5. Gallery (n) phòng trưng bày
 LISTEN
 1. Cloud (n) mây 
 Cloudy (a) có mây
 2. Rain (n) mưa
 Rainy (a) có mưa
 3. Snow (n) tuyết
 Snowy (a) có tuyết
 4. Sun (n) mặt trời
 Sunny (a) có nắng
 5. Warm (a) ấm GRAMMAR
 1. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN (Past continuous tense)
 I- CẤU TRÚC CỦA THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
1. Affirmative form
 S + was/were + V-ing
 CHÚ Ý:
- S = I/ He/ She/ It + was
- S = We/ You/ They + were
Examples:
- She was cooking dinner at 5 p.m yesterday.(Cô ấy đang nấu bữa tối vào lúc 5h 
chiều hôm qua)
- They were playing badminton when I came yesterday. (Họ đang chơi cầu lông 
khi tôi đến ngày hôm qua.)
2. Negative form
 S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing
CHÚ Ý:
- was not = wasn’t
- were not = weren’t
Examples:
- He wasn’t working when his boss came yesterday.
- We weren’t watching TV at 9 p.m yesterday.
3. Interrogative form
 Was/ Were + S + V-ing ?
 Yes, I/ he/ she/ it + was. – No, I/ he/ she/ it + wasn’t.
 Yes, we/ you/ they + were. – No, we/ you/ they + weren’t.
Examples:
- Was your mother going to the market at 7 a.m yesterday?
 Yes, she was./ No, she wasn’t.
- Were they staying with you when I called you yesterday?
 Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t. 1. Với động từ tận cùng là MỘT chữ “e”:
- Ta bỏ “e” rồi thêm “-ing”.
Ví dụ: write – writing type – typing come – coming
- Tận cùng là HAI chữ “e” ta không bỏ “e” mà vẫn thêm “-ing” bình thường.
Ví du: agree – agreeing see – seeing
2. Với động từ có MỘT âm tiết, tận cùng là MỘT PHỤ ÂM, trước là MỘT 
NGUYÊN ÂM
- Ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm “-ing”.
EX: stop – stopping get – getting put – putting
- CHÚ Ý: 
EXCEPTIONS:
beggin – beginning travel – travelling 
prefer – preferring permit – permitting
3. Với động từ tận cùng là “ie”
- Ta đổi “ie” thành “y” rồi thêm “-ing”.
EX: lie – lying die – dying
2. Progressive tense with always
Trạng từ always, constantly , continually có thể được dung với thì tiếp diễn để 
diễn đạt:
- Hành động xảy ra rất thường xuyên, nhất là khi nó gây khó chịu, bực mình cho 
người nói.
Ex : He is always losing his keys.
-Hành động hoặc sự việc tình cờ xảy ra rất thường xuyên
Ex: I am always meeting Mrs. Blake in the supermarket.
-Hành động có tính liên tục.
Ex : He is always working.
V- EXERCISES
EX1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.
1. At this time last year, they (build) this house.
2. I (drive) my car very fast when you called me.
3. I (chat) with my friends while my teacher (teach) the lesson yesterday.
4. My father (watch) TV when I got home. UNIT 13 : FESTIVALS
 GETTING STARTED, LISTEN AND READ
 1. Festival (n) lễ hội
 2. Be keen on
 Be interested in (a) yêu thích, đam mê
 Be fond of
 3. Pottery (n) đồ gốm
 4. Ancient (a) cổ kính
 5. Mountain-climbing (n) hoạt động leo núi
 6. Fetch (v) mang về, lấy về
 Water-fetching (n) việc lấy nước
 7. Invite sb to V (v) mời
 Invitation (n) lời mời
 8. Compete (v) cạnh tranh
 Competition (n) cuộc thi
 Competitive (a) cạnh tranh
 9. Teammate (n) đồng đội
 10. Upset (a) lo lắng, đau khổ
 To upset (v) làm lo lắng, đau khổ
 11.Yell at sb for st (v) la hét, la hò
 12.Urge (v) thúc giục, nài nỉ
 13.Special (a) đặc biệt, riêng biệt
 Specially (av) đặc biệt là, nhất là
 Special (n) sự kiện đặc biệt, nét đặc biệt
 14.Rub (v) chà xát, cọ xát
 15.Separate from sb/st (v) tách ra
 16.Contest (n) cuộc thi
 Contestant ( n) người dự thi
 17.Husk (n) vỏ (hạt), trấu (thóc)
 18.Judge (n) giám khảo (cuộc thi), quan tòa
 (v) đánh giá, xét đoán
19. grand (a) lớn, quan trọng
 Grand prize (n) giải thưởng lớn
 20.Award (n) phần thưởng
 Award SB/ST (v) tặng, tặng thưởng
 ST TO SO
 21.Council (n) hội đồng
 SPEAK + LISTEN
 1. pomegranate (n) quả lựu
 2. marigold (n) cúc vạn thọ
 3. peach blossom (n) hoa đào
 4. watermelon (n) dưa hấu →watermelon seed : hạt dưa S + am/ is/ are +V3/ V-ed S + was/ were +V3/ V-ed
 Ex: The newspapers are delivered by Ex : That letter was written by my 
 John every morning. mother.
 Present Continuous Past Continuous
S + am/ is/ are + Being +V3/ V-ed S + was/ were + Being +V3/ V-ed
Ex : I am being asked a lot of questions. Ex : Her homework was being done at 
 that time.
 Present perfect Past perfect
 S + Have/ has +been + V3/ V-ed S + Had +been + V3/ V-ed
 Ex : That cake has been made by my Ex : A dinner had been prepared before 
 mother. we came.
Modal verbs: Can/ Could/ may/ might/ 
will/ would/ must / have to
S +Modal verbs + be +V3/ V-ed
 Ex : These contracts should be signed by 
the manager today.
 1. People grow rice in many countries in the world.
 -> Rice ________________________________________________
 2. Graham Bell invented the telephone many years ago.
 -> The telephone _______________________________________________
 3. They have used this car for many years.
 ->This car _____________________________________________________
 4. Lan practices English every day.
 -> English _____________________________________________________
 5. They will take the garbage out of the city.
 -> The garbage _________________________________________________
 6. Mary sent me this letter two days ago.
 -> I ___________________________________________________________
 7. People make compost from vegetables.
 -> Compost _____________________________________________________
 8. You must finish this work before Sunday.
 -> This work _____________________________________________________
 9. She hasn't used this bicycle for a long time
 -> This bicycle __________________________________________________
 10. I saw a strange man in my garden yesterday.
 -> A strange man _________________________________________________
 11. They clean the floor every morning.
 ->The floor _____________________________________________________
 12. They will solve the problem soon.
 ->The problem __________________________________________________
 13. They break the glass into small pieces.
 ->The glass _____________________________________________________ - He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”
 ⇒š He says he is going to Ha Noi next week.
 + Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi 
 động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) 
 sang lời nói gián tiếp (indirect / reported speech) theo quy tắc sau:
 Direct speech Reported speech
 will / shall would / should
 am / is / are going to was / were going to
 present simple past simple
 present continuous past continuous
 past continuous past perfect continuous
 present perfect past perfect
 past simple past perfect
 must had to
 can could 
Ex:
 Direct speech: “I’ll talk to Mr Jones,” said he.
 Reported speech: He said he would talk to Mr Jones.
 + Một số động từ không thay đổi khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp : would => 
 would, could => could, might => might, should => should, ought to => ought to
 + Khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp mà động từ tường thuật ở thì 
 quá khứ thì các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn và đại từ chỉ định được chuyển 
 đổi theo quy tắc sau:
 Direct speech Reported speech
 today that day
 tonight that night
 tomorrow the next day / the following day
 yesterday the day before / the previous day
 ago before
 now then
 next / on Tuesday the next / following Tuesday * says / say to + O => asks / ask + O
 said to + O => asked + O
 Ex: He said to me: “Have you been to America?”
 š He asked me if / whether I had been to America.
 B. Wh-questions:
 asked (+ O)
 S + wanted to know + Wh-words + S + V.
 wondered
 Ex: They asked us: “Where are you going on holiday?”
 š They asked us where we were going on holiday.
 “What are you talking about?” said the teacher.
 š The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
 says / say to + O => asks / ask + O
 said to + O => asked + O
 Ex: He said to me: “Who are you writing to?”
 š He asked me who I was writing to.
 3. Reported commands:
 Câu tường thuật loại câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định có dạng:
 S + told + O + to-infinitive.
 Ví dụ: - “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said.
 š Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
 Câu tường thuật loại câu mệnh lệnh phủ định có dạng:
 S + told + O + not to-infinitive.
 Ex : “Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said.
 š The teacher told the children not to talk in class.
 Một số động từ thường dùng khi tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh: tell, ask, order, 
 advise, warn, beg, command, remind, instruct, ....
 EXERCISES:
 Chuyển những câu dưới đây sang câu gián tiếp. 
1. “Open the door,” he said to them.
- He told them...................................................................
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
- He asked her where.........................................................
3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.
- He asked... ......................................................................
4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her.
- I told... ............................................................................
5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us.
- She told... ........................................................................